1) Temperature: Convection currents in the Earth's mantle are driven by temperature differences. The Earth's mantle is composed of semi-solid rock known as magma, which is heated from the core of the Earth. The core heats up the bottom layer of the mantle, making it hotter than the upper layer. As a result, the hotter and less dense magma rises towards the surface, creating an upwelling motion. This movement transports heat from the Earth's interior to the surface, contributing to the global heat distribution.
2) Density: Convection currents in the Earth's mantle are also influenced by density differences. The density of the magma is affected by the temperature. Hotter magma has lower density, making it buoyant compared to the cooler and denser magma surrounding it. This density difference causes the hotter magma to rise while the cooler magma sinks. This continuous process of rising and sinking creates the circular motion of convection currents. Ultimately, the movement of magma by convection currents is driven by the interplay between temperature and density differences within the mantle.
explain how the magma within earths mantle is moved by convection currects in terms of temperature and density (2 points)
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