The correct explanation of how the First Amendment limits the power of the government to pass laws is:
Congress can pass no law respecting or restricting religion, or laws limiting freedoms of speech, assembly, the press, or to petition the government.
This clause establishes fundamental rights that protect individuals from government interference in their expressions and beliefs, thereby ensuring a framework for a democratic society where citizens can freely voice their opinions, practice their religion, gather peacefully, and seek redress from the government.