Subduction zones are formed at the boundaries of convergent tectonic plates. When two plates collide, their edges are usually forced up, forming mountain ranges. However, in cases where one plate is made of denser, oceanic crust, it sinks beneath the other plate. This sinking process, which can take millions of years, is called subduction.
As the oceanic plate sinks, it is heated by the Earth's mantle, causing it to melt and form magma. This magma rises towards the surface, causing volcanoes to form on the overriding plate. This is why subduction zones are often associated with volcanic activity and earthquakes.
The process of subduction also creates deep ocean trenches, which can be some of the deepest parts of the Earth's crust. The Marianas Trench, for example, is over 11,000 metres deep.
Overall, subduction zones are one of the key processes driving the movement of tectonic plates and the shaping of the Earth's surface.
Explain how subduction zones are formed.
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