An adjectival phrase functions as an adjective in a sentence, providing more information about a noun. Here are a few examples:
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"Full of life" - In the sentence "The garden, full of life, attracted many visitors," the phrase "full of life" describes the garden.
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"Baked to perfection" - In "The cookies, baked to perfection, were the highlight of the party," the phrase "baked to perfection" describes the cookies.
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"Excited about the trip" - In "The students, excited about the trip, gathered in the hallway," the phrase "excited about the trip" describes the students.
In each case, the adjectival phrase provides additional detail about the noun it modifies.