Example 1:

(Rock A) is thrown against a larger stationary rock(Rock B).

considering the following possibilities...

1. Rock A bounces off of Rock B
2. Rock A splits into two pieces off of Rock B
3. Rock A explodes into many pieces off of Rock B

What factors are affecting the different results?
What would be needed to predict the outcome of the next rock that is thrown?

Consider this:
Rock A is thrown into a pile of sand and is embedded.

Are there any additional factors, and if so, what are they?

What would be necessary for, when Rock A is thrown against Rock B, the two to fuse?