Examine Source 1. Then, determine which statement accurately describes the positions of land and water 100 million years ago.

Question

A
Volcanoes are present on all landmasses

B
There are more swamp areas than mountains

C
Two landmasses are separated by ocean

D
Most area is covered by land and small lakes
Next, view Source 2. This map shows underground deposits of petroleum (oil and natural gas). The light brown areas on this map indicate basins—giant, bowl-shaped areas on Earth's surface where layers of sand, mud, and remains build up over millions of years.

2
Which of these claims is directly supported by Source 2?

A
Oil and natural gas are found mostly along the coast

B
Oil and natural gas are randomly distributed across the country

C
Oil and natural gas are usually found in the same areas

D
Oil and natural gas are always found together in equal amounts
3
Compare the maps in Source 1 and Source 2. Then, fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. Not all answer choices will be used.

The areas with the most petroleum deposits were covered in
100 million years ago.

4
There are large petroleum deposits in the Northeast United States, near Cleveland and Pittsburgh. These deposits are believed to be about 450 million years old, hundreds of millions of years older than the petroleum deposits in the Central United States.

Source 1 shows that the Northeast was mostly mountains 100 million years ago. Given the information above, what can you conclude?

A
Petroleum traveled to the Northeast from other deposits

B
The Northeast was covered by ocean 450 million years ago

C
Mountains wear down over time and eventually form petroleum

D
The Northeast was part of a different continent when its petroleum formed
5
This is crude (unprocessed) oil, the liquid form of petroleum. If oil begins as marine plants and animals, why does it look like this?

Answer 1

Let's go through each question one by one:

1. Examining Source 1: The question asks which statement accurately describes the positions of land and water 100 million years ago.

   The most appropriate statement is: C - Two landmasses are separated by ocean.

   This statement indicates the presence of significant bodies of water separating landmasses, which is characteristic of Earth's geological history during that time period.

2. Regarding Source 2: The question inquires which claim is directly supported by the map showing underground deposits of petroleum.

   The most appropriate claim is: C - Oil and natural gas are usually found in the same areas.

   This reflects the common occurrence of oil and gas deposits being located in the same geological formations and basins.

3. Comparing the maps in Source 1 and Source 2:

   The correct completion for the sentence would be: The areas with the most petroleum deposits were covered in water 100 million years ago.

   This is because petroleum typically originates from organic materials (plants and marine organisms) that accumulate in marine environments.

4. About petroleum deposits in the Northeast: Your conclusion based on the information provided can be inferred as:

   C - Mountains wear down over time and eventually form petroleum.

   This conclusion is logical as geological processes such as erosion can lead to the accumulation of organic materials that eventually form petroleum over millions of years.

5. Regarding crude oil:

   If oil begins as marine plants and animals, it undergoes a process called diagenesis, where heat and pressure from geological processes transform these organic materials into hydrocarbons. As a result, crude oil appears as a thick, viscous liquid that may not resemble its original source due to this transformation and the complex chemical changes that occur. The composition of crude oil consists of varying lengths of hydrocarbon chains, which contribute to its viscous appearance.