Examine how the factors influencing migration have changed over time by accessing and evaluating information about migration through Texas in the last 200 years. 1. Conduct research online to find at least three trusted sources that describe the different reasons why groups of people have migrated to and from Texas. Use the table provided to record and organize your research findings. Be specific and avoid generalizations. 2. In a detailed paragraph, describe how two of the instances of migration affected the culture, politics, or economy of Texas.

Answer 1

Source 1: "African Americans in Texas History" from The Handbook of Texas Online
- In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, African Americans migrated to Texas from other southern states such as Louisiana and Mississippi to escape racial violence, seek employment opportunities, and establish independent communities.
- This migration significantly impacted the culture and economy of Texas. African Americans brought their unique cultural traditions, such as music, food, and language, enriching the state's diverse cultural landscape. Additionally, their labor contributed to the growth of industries like agriculture and oil, playing a crucial role in Texas' economy.

Source 2: "Migration and the Texas Economy" from the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
- In recent decades, Texas has experienced substantial immigration from Mexico and Central America. These migrants are attracted to the state due to employment opportunities, particularly in industries like construction, agriculture, and service.
- This inflow of migrants, especially from Mexico, has had a significant impact on Texas' economy. They contribute to the labor force, particularly in low-wage jobs, which helps support economic growth. However, it has also led to debates about immigration policies, labor market dynamics, and public services.

Source 3: "German Immigration to Texas" from The Handbook of Texas Online
- In the mid-19th century, many Germans migrated to Texas, primarily seeking economic opportunities and religious freedom. They established farming communities, bringing advanced agricultural techniques and introducing crops like cotton, wheat, and grapes.
- The German migration had a profound impact on the culture and agricultural practices of Texas. The German settlers introduced beer brewing, sausage-making, and other culinary traditions that are still celebrated today. They also influenced the state's architecture, music, and educational institutions, leaving lasting imprints on Texas' cultural heritage.

Two instances of migration affecting the culture, politics, or economy of Texas:
1. African American Migration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries:
This migration brought an infusion of cultural diversity to Texas, as African Americans' culinary traditions, music, and language became integral parts of the state's cultural fabric. Their labor also contributed significantly to the economy, driving industries such as agriculture and oil. However, the migration also sparked political tensions and challenges, leading to efforts for civil rights and racial equality.

2. Immigration from Mexico and Central America in recent decades:
The influx of migrants from Mexico and Central America has shaped Texas' economy, with many immigrants taking up low-skilled jobs in industries like construction and agriculture. This cheap labor has supported economic growth but has also fueled debates over immigration policies, labor market dynamics, and the strain on public services. Politically, immigration has been a divisive topic, driving discussions on border security and the role of immigrants in Texas society.