The concept you're referring to is related to the Big Bang theory, which describes the origin of the universe. According to this theory, the universe began as an extremely hot, dense point known as a singularity about 13.8 billion years ago.
At this singularity, all matter, energy, space, and time were concentrated in an infinitely small point. The nature of this singularity is not fully understood and presents challenges to our current theories of physics. According to general relativity, it is a point where the gravitational forces compress matter to infinitely small volumes, leading to an infinite density and temperature.
When the universe began to expand during the Big Bang, it didn't explode into pre-existing space; rather, it created space as it expanded. This means that as the universe continued to grow, space itself was generated, allowing for the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets.
As the universe expanded and cooled, fundamental particles like quarks and electrons formed, which eventually combined to create protons and neutrons. These particles later came together to form atoms, and through various processes, stars and galaxies evolved over time. Thus, while everything in the universe may have originated from a single point, the expansion of the universe over billions of years allowed for the complex structures we observe today to develop within that expanding space.
The concept of a singularity presents inherent limitations to our understanding, and many questions remain open, particularly regarding conditions at the very beginning of the universe, where our current physical theories (like general relativity) break down, and quantum gravitational effects would need to be considered.
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