To calculate a 20% tip on Ellen's lunch cost of $15.45, you can use the following steps:
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Calculate the tip: \[ \text{Tip} = 15.45 \times 0.20 = 3.09 \]
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Calculate the total cost including the tip: \[ \text{Total cost} = \text{Lunch cost} + \text{Tip} = 15.45 + 3.09 = 18.54 \]
Therefore, Ellen will pay $3.09 for the tip and the total cost for lunch with the tip will be $18.54.