During the Middle Ages, the Church was the supreme power in Europe. But by 1500, some people challenged that authority with widespread consequences. Discuss the time period of the Reformation in a well-organized essay that addresses three of these topics: Describe two church practices that reformers wanted to change and why they wanted to change them. Explain how the split in Christianity into Roman Catholicism and Protestantism came about. Describe three ways in which the Roman Catholic Church attempted to reform itself and stop the spread of Protestantism. Explain how the Reformation led to political conflict and warfare during the 1500s.

Question

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(b) In the early sixteenth century, Spanish conquistadors took control of much of the Americas. The consequences were enormous. Discuss the Spanish conquest in a well-organized essay that addresses three of these topics: Explain two reasons for Spain's desire to establish an empire in the Americas. Describe the two Native American empires that fell to the Spanish. Include their locations, ways of living, leaders, accomplishments, and weaknesses. Identify the conquistadors who led the Spanish forces and explain how and why they were able to conquer the American empires. Describe the structure of the new Spanish colonies, the effects of colonization on the native populations, and the response of Spanish conquistadores.

Answer each one in very short sentence but very understandable, answer each one in order, don’t explain just answer it, once again answer in a very short sentence

Answer 1

Reformation

1. Two church practices reformers wanted to change were the sale of indulgences and clerical corruption; they believed these practices exploited the faithful and undermined true spirituality.

2. The split in Christianity into Roman Catholicism and Protestantism occurred as reformers like Martin Luther challenged church authority and emphasized scripture over tradition.

3. The Roman Catholic Church attempted to reform itself through the Council of Trent, the establishment of the Jesuit order, and the promotion of new catechisms to educate the faithful.

4. The Reformation led to political conflict and warfare during the 1500s, as Protestant and Catholic states battled for control, leading to wars like the Thirty Years' War.

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Spanish Conquest

1. Spain desired to establish an empire for wealth through gold and silver and to spread Christianity among Native Americans.

2. The two Native American empires that fell to the Spanish were the Aztec Empire in present-day Mexico and the Inca Empire in present-day Peru; both had advanced societies with complex political structures but suffered from internal divisions.

3. The Spanish conquistadors included Hernán Cortés, who conquered the Aztecs, and Francisco Pizarro, who conquered the Incas; they utilized superior weaponry and alliances with local tribes.

4. The structure of the new Spanish colonies involved encomienda systems and colonial administrative divisions; colonization led to population decline among natives due to disease and enslavement, while conquistadores often sought further conquests and riches.