To arrange the events in chronological order, we can place them as follows:
- the Enlightenment - (late 17th century to 18th century)
- Metternich's initiatives to curb nationalism - (after the Congress of Vienna in 1815)
- sweep of revolutions across Europe - (1848, known as the Revolutions of 1848)
- formation of the kingdom of Italy - (1861)
So the chronological order is:
- the Enlightenment
- Metternich's initiatives to curb nationalism
- sweep of revolutions across Europe
- formation of the kingdom of Italy