Here are the scientists and philosophers matched with their contributions to Physics:
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Isaac Newton - came up with laws about motion, including gravity, and published a book called Principia.
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William Gilbert - discovered that Earth was like a big magnet.
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Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen - discovered x-rays.
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J.J. Thomson - discovered electrons.
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Henry Cavendish - conducted an experiment to determine how much Earth weighs.
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Nicolaus Copernicus - proposed that Earth revolved around the sun.
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - paved the way to calculus by introducing methods to explain his calculations.
Feel free to ask if you need more information about any of these contributions!