The Earth is composed of four main interconnected spheres, each with distinct characteristics:
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Geosphere: This sphere includes all the solid parts of the Earth, namely the crust, mantle, and core. The geosphere contains solid rock both below and at the Earth's surface. It consists of the landforms, soil, and the geological structures that make up the Earth’s surface and its interior.
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Hydrosphere: This sphere encompasses all the water present on Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and groundwater. The hydrosphere plays a critical role in weather, climate, and various geological processes.
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Atmosphere: This is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth, consisting mainly of nitrogen and oxygen, with trace gases such as carbon dioxide and argon. The atmosphere is crucial for weather patterns, climate regulation, and supporting life.
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Biosphere: This sphere includes all living organisms on Earth and the environments in which they reside. It encompasses ecosystems and biomes, extending from the deepest ocean floors to the highest mountain peaks where life can be found.
In summary, the geosphere is the sphere that contains solid rock both below and at the Earth's surface.