Discuss the effects of social stratification in relation to health , conclusion and Harvard reference

Answer 1

Social stratification refers to the division of individuals and groups in society based on factors such as socioeconomic status, occupation, education, and wealth. This division creates a hierarchy where individuals in higher social strata have greater access to resources and opportunities, while those in lower strata face barriers and disadvantages. In relation to health, social stratification has notable effects that can lead to inequalities and disparities.

One significant effect of social stratification on health is the unequal distribution of resources necessary for maintaining good health. Higher social strata individuals generally have better access to healthcare facilities, nutritious food, safe living conditions, and a healthy environment. On the other hand, those in lower strata may struggle to afford healthcare, reside in areas with inadequate sanitation, face food insecurity, and be exposed to environmental hazards. These disparities can result in higher rates of diseases, poorer overall health outcomes, and reduced life expectancy among individuals in lower social strata.

Additionally, social stratification influences health through lifestyle and behavioral factors. Individuals with higher social status tend to have greater knowledge about health behaviors such as exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, refraining from smoking, and moderating alcohol consumption. They also have better access to facilities and resources that promote healthy lifestyles. Conversely, individuals in lower strata may face obstacles such as limited financial resources and time constraints, leading to unhealthy behaviors like sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diet choices, and higher rates of risky behaviors such as substance abuse. These behavior patterns contribute to increased health risks and poorer health outcomes among lower social strata individuals.

Furthermore, social stratification can impact mental health. The stressors associated with lower social strata, including limited resources, job insecurity, and discrimination, can significantly impact mental well-being. Individuals in lower strata may have increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, which can further negatively affect physical health.

In conclusion, social stratification plays a crucial role in determining health outcomes. The unequal distribution of resources, disparate access to healthcare, lifestyle differences, and increased mental health burdens among lower social strata individuals contribute to health disparities. Addressing social stratification is crucial for achieving health equity and improving overall population health.

Harvard Reference:
Berkman, L. F., & Kawachi, I. (Eds.). (2014). Social epidemiology. Oxford University Press.