1. Epinephrine (Group: Adrenergic agonist)
- Indications: Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis
- Side effects: Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, headache
- Nursing implications: Monitor vital signs closely, assess for allergies, have resuscitation equipment readily available
- Mechanism: Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and increased heart rate
2. Aspirin (Group: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
- Indications: Acute myocardial infarction, angina
- Side effects: Gastric bleeding, tinnitus, increased bleeding risk
- Nursing implications: Assess for allergies, monitor for signs of bleeding, administer with food or antacids to reduce gastric irritation
- Mechanism: Inhibits cyclooxygenase, reducing synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, leading to anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects
3. Nitroglycerin (Group: Nitrate)
- Indications: Ischemic chest pain, acute heart failure
- Side effects: Hypotension, headache, flushing
- Nursing implications: Assess blood pressure before and after administration, protect nitroglycerin from light, monitor for signs of tolerance
- Mechanism: Relaxes smooth muscles, particularly in coronary arteries, leading to vasodilation and increased oxygen supply to the heart
4. Naloxone (Group: Opioid antagonist)
- Indications: Opioid overdose, respiratory depression
- Side effects: Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, withdrawal symptoms
- Nursing implications: Monitor for withdrawal symptoms, administer with caution to patients with cardiovascular disease, provide respiratory support if needed
- Mechanism: Competitively blocks opioid receptors, reversing the effects of opioid drugs and improving respiratory function
5. Dexamethasone (Group: Corticosteroid)
- Indications: Cerebral edema, severe allergic reactions
- Side effects: Increased risk of infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, fluid retention
- Nursing implications: Monitor for signs of infection, administer with food to reduce GI side effects, gradually taper the dose when discontinuing to prevent adrenal insufficiency
- Mechanism: Suppresses the immune response and inflammation by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators and suppressing immune cells
6. Atropine (Group: Anticholinergic)
- Indications: Symptomatic bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning
- Side effects: Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention
- Nursing implications: Assess for contraindications (e.g., glaucoma), monitor heart rate closely, provide supportive care for urinary retention
- Mechanism: Blocks the action of acetylcholine, thereby increasing heart rate and reversing the effects of cholinergic poisoning
7. Albuterol (Group: Beta2-Adrenergic agonist)
- Indications: Asthma, acute bronchospasm
- Side effects: Tachycardia, tremors, hypokalemia
- Nursing implications: Monitor heart rate and potassium levels, assess lung sounds before and after administration, instruct the patient on proper inhaler technique
- Mechanism: Stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors in the bronchioles, leading to bronchodilation and the relief of bronchospasm
8. Amiodarone (Group: Antiarrhythmic)
- Indications: Ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation/flutter
- Side effects: Pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity, hypothyroidism
- Nursing implications: Monitor pulmonary function, liver function, and thyroid function regularly, administer with caution in patients with lung or liver disease
- Mechanism: Delays repolarization, prolongs the action potential duration, and exerts anti-adrenergic effects, thus preventing abnormal electrical activity in the heart
9. Heparin (Group: Anticoagulant)
- Indications: Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism
- Side effects: Bleeding, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, hypersensitivity reactions
- Nursing implications: Monitor for signs of bleeding, assess platelet count regularly, administer subcutaneously at a 45-degree angle
- Mechanism: Enhances the activity of antithrombin III, leading to the inhibition of thrombin and other clotting factors, thereby preventing the formation and extension of blood clots
10. Metoprolol (Group: Beta-Blocker)
- Indications: Hypertension, acute myocardial infarction
- Side effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue
- Nursing implications: Monitor heart rate and blood pressure, assess for signs of worsening heart failure, taper the dose when discontinuing to prevent rebound hypertension
- Mechanism: Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased heart rate, decreased myocardial contractility, and vasodilation
Discuss any ten medical surgical emergency drugs and should include
1.group of the drug
2.2 indications
3. Side effects 3 apart from nausea and vomiting
4. Three nursing implications
5. Mechanism for each ten drugs
1 answer
1 answer