The correct answer is: None of the above.
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the disaster of a possible nuclear war was avoided primarily through secret negotiations and the establishment of a direct communication line between the United States and the Soviet Union. President John F. Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev ultimately reached an agreement that involved the U.S. withdrawing its missiles from Turkey in exchange for the Soviet Union removing their missiles from Cuba. Additionally, Khrushchev's willingness to back down and dismantle the missile sites was a crucial factor in resolving the crisis peacefully.