Directions: Complete ALL 3 PARTS of this worksheet and submit to the dropbox for the Labor Unions Portfolio activity.

Question

For this portfolio, you will Conduct an independent examination and construct an evaluation of 2 labor unions and their movement events of the late 1800s.

Part 1 - Gather the information (5 points)
Find at least 2 primary and 2 secondary sources to evaluate the impact of the strikes that took place in the late 1800s. Do not cite your textbook. Find the original source! Cite them in APA format. Use this tool All Things Sources Resource

List of primary sources (include the source citation, such as the author's name, title of the source, and website):


List of 2 secondary sources (include the source citation, such as the author’s name, title of the source, and website):

Part 2- Collect the Information (worth 10 Points)
Fill in all columns and rows of this graphic organizer using information from your sources. Provide the main points of your research for 2 different union strikes of the late 1800s to identify their important efforts and significant events.

Name of strike you chose
List what the workers/union wanted from the strike
List events that happened during the strike that escalated the situation
Was their strike effective in meeting their demands?

Part 3 - Present your research. (Worth 15 points)
Use your research findings to write 2 paragraphs for each strike. You must include:
One paragraph explaining the information from the graphic organizer (Columns B and C) in part 2
One paragraph to fully summarize why you think they got the outcome they did.
In-text citations

1st Strike:

2nd Strike:

Answer 1

Part 1 - Gather the Information

List of Primary Sources:

1. Author: DeLeon, Daniel
   Title of the Source: The Strike: A National Issue
   Website: https://www.marxists.org/archive/deleon/works/1910/strike.htm

2. Author: Haymarket Martyrs' Memorial
   Title of the Source: The Haymarket Affair
   Website: https://www.chicagohistory.org/haymarket-martyrs-monument/

List of Secondary Sources:

1. Author: Dubofsky, Melvyn
   Title of the Source: Labor in America: A History
   Website: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/299812/labor-in-america-by-melvyn-dubofsky-and-joseph-a-ganzer-jr/

2. Author: Roth, William J.
   Title of the Source: The Pullman Strike of 1894
   Website: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pullman-strike-1894

Part 2 - Collect the Information

| Name of Strike | What the workers/union wanted from the strike | Events that happened during the strike that escalated the situation | Was their strike effective in meeting their demands? | |------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | The Haymarket Affair | Workers wanted an eight-hour workday and better working conditions. | The protest turned violent when a bomb was thrown, leading to police firing on the crowd. Several deaths occurred, leading to widespread panic and arrests. | Ultimately, it did not achieve immediate goals but significantly brought attention to labor issues and the fight for workers' rights. | | The Pullman Strike | Workers sought better wages, reduced rents, and better working conditions. | The strike escalated into a nationwide railroad boycott, affecting mail delivery and interstate commerce; Federal troops were deployed, leading to violent clashes. | The strike was suppressed by government intervention, and although it did not meet the demands, it highlighted the need for labor reform. |

Part 3 - Present Your Research

1st Strike: The Haymarket Affair
The Haymarket Affair, which took place in Chicago in 1886, was initially a peaceful rally to promote an eight-hour workday and improve working conditions. The presence of thousands of workers demonstrated their collective desire for better labor practices. However, the event escalated when an unknown individual threw a bomb into the crowd, killing several police officers and prompting a violent response from law enforcement. The aftermath saw a crackdown on labor activists, with several leading figures arrested and sentenced to death, leading to further unrest and fear among workers (Dubofsky, 2010).

Despite its violent conclusion, the Haymarket Affair did not immediately achieve its objectives. The crackdown on labor leaders and movements hindered progress at the time. However, it brought national attention to the struggles of workers and the need for labor reform. The event eventually became a symbol of the fight for workers’ rights and contributed to the establishment of International Workers' Day (May Day), commemorating the struggles and achievements of the labor movement (DeLeon, 1910).

2nd Strike: The Pullman Strike
The Pullman Strike of 1894 arose as a response to wage cuts and exorbitant rents in the company town of Pullman, Illinois. The striking workers, organized under the American Railway Union led by Eugene V. Debs, demanded fair wages and reduced rents. The situation escalated when the strike spread to other railroads and began to disrupt mail delivery, creating a national crisis that drew attention from the federal government. President Grover Cleveland ordered federal troops to break the strike, leading to violence and numerous deaths (Roth, 2005).

In the aftermath, the Pullman Strike was quelled, and workers did not achieve their demands due to the federal intervention. However, the strike highlighted the tensions between labor and government and the growing struggles of the labor movement in the late 19th century. The events underscored the need for labor rights and reforms, setting the stage for future labor legislation and movements (Dubofsky, 2010).