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Differentiate between the lysogenic and lytic cycles.(1 point) Responses The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle. The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle. The virus injects DNA into the host cell during the lysogenic cycle. The virus injects DNA into the host cell during the lysogenic cycle. Viral proteins are synthesized during the lysogenic cycle. Viral proteins are synthesized during the lysogenic cycle. The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle.

3 answers

The lytic and lysogenic cycles are two different processes that describe how viruses replicate within a host cell.

  1. Lytic Cycle: In this cycle, the virus injects its genetic material into the host cell, hijacking the host's cellular machinery to replicate its own viral DNA and produce viral proteins. Eventually, new virions (viral particles) assemble and cause the host cell to lyse (break open), releasing the new virions to infect other cells. This results in the destruction of the host cell.

  2. Lysogenic Cycle: In contrast, during the lysogenic cycle, the virus also injects its genetic material into the host cell, but instead of immediately taking over the cell's machinery to replicate, it integrates its viral DNA into the host cell’s genome. This integrated viral DNA (called a prophage) can remain dormant and be replicated along with the host cell's DNA when the host cell divides. The viral genes may eventually become active, leading to the lytic cycle.

In summary:

  • The lytic cycle results in cell destruction and the production of new virions,
  • The lysogenic cycle involves the integration of viral DNA into the host genome, allowing it to replicate without killing the host cell immediately.
Differentiate between the lysogenic and lytic cycles.(1 point) Responses The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle. The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle. The virus injects DNA into the host cell during the lysogenic cycle. The virus injects DNA into the host cell during the lysogenic cycle. Viral proteins are synthesized during the lysogenic cycle. Viral proteins are synthesized during the lysogenic cycle. The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle.

The correct differentiation between the lysogenic and lytic cycles from the provided statements is:

  • The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle.

This statement is accurate because, in the lytic cycle, the virus causes the host cell to break open after replicating, leading to cell death.

The other statements are misleading or incorrect:

  • The host cell does copy its own DNA during both cycles, but this is not a distinguishing feature specific to either cycle.
  • The virus injects DNA into the host cell during both cycles, but this statement alone does not differentiate between the two; it is part of the process in both cycles.
  • Viral proteins are synthesized during the lytic cycle, not the lysogenic cycle, until the cycle moves to the lytic phase after the prophage is induced.

In summary, the key distinct point is that the host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle.