The Shakespearean sonnet and the Petrarchan sonnet are two distinct forms of poetry, each with its own structure, rhythm, and organization. Here’s a breakdown of their differences:
Structure
Petrarchan Sonnet:
- Format: Consists of 14 lines divided into two parts: an octave (the first 8 lines) and a sestet (the last 6 lines).
- Rhyme Scheme: The octave typically has an ABBAABBA rhyme scheme, while the sestet can vary (commonly CDCDCD or CDECDE).
Shakespearean Sonnet:
- Format: Also consists of 14 lines, but it is divided into three quatrains (four-line stanzas) followed by a final couplet (two-line stanza).
- Rhyme Scheme: The rhyme scheme is ABABCDCDEFEFGG.
Rhythm
Both sonnet forms are traditionally written in iambic pentameter, which means each line contains five pairs of unstressed and stressed syllables (ten syllables in total). However, the use of rhythm may vary slightly depending on the poet's style and intentional deviations.
Organization
Petrarchan Sonnet:
- Argument Structure: The octave often presents a problem, situation, or emotional state, while the sestet provides a resolution or commentary on the initial problem. This transition is known as the "volta," or turn.
Shakespearean Sonnet:
- Argument Structure: Each quatrain typically develops a different aspect of a central theme or idea, with the final couplet often delivering a resolution, conclusion, or twist. The volta may occur at the beginning of the third quatrain or in the couplet, allowing for a shift in tone or perspective.
Summary
In essence, the Petrarchan sonnet's octave and sestet structure contrasts with the Shakespearean sonnet's three quatrains and couplet format. Both forms share a rhythmic tradition rooted in iambic pentameter, but they organize their themes and rhetorical strategies differently, leading to distinct poetic experiences.