Developed countries are typically characterized by:
a. High levels of resource consumption
This option is correct, as developed countries generally consume more resources per capita due to their higher standards of living, greater industrial activity, and advanced technologies.
The other options are not characteristic of developed countries: b. Low levels of industrialization - This is incorrect; developed countries usually have high levels of industrialization. c. Populations increase exponentially - This is misleading; developed countries often have lower population growth rates compared to developing countries. d. Limited access to technology - This is also incorrect; developed countries generally have widespread access to technology.