The statement "Results in changes in inherited characteristics of a population due to species' fitness" applies to Natural Selection. Natural selection is the process through which certain traits become more common in a population because they confer a survival or reproductive advantage, thereby affecting the inherited characteristics of that population over time.
On the other hand, descent with modification refers to the broader concept that species change over time and share a common ancestor, encompassing the idea that species evolve and adapt through various mechanisms, including natural selection.
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