Describing Matter

Question

A windsurfer on a windsurf board moving on a lake.

Compare the components that make up the windsurfer, his board, and his surroundings.

Answer 1

When we analyze the components that make up the windsurfer, his board, and his surroundings, we can break them down into distinct categories: elements, compounds, and mixtures.

The Windsurfer:

1. Biological Components:

   • Human Body: The windsurfer is made up of various biological components including water (H₂O), proteins (made of amino acids), fats (lipids), carbohydrates (like glucose), and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA).
   • Cells: The human body consists of billions of cells, which are the basic units of life, composed of organelles that perform various functions necessary for survival.

2. Clothing:

   • Fabric: The clothing worn by the windsurfer might be made from synthetic fibers (like nylon or polyester) or natural fibers (like cotton), each made up of complex molecules.
   • Accessories: Additional accessories (like a wetsuit) might involve rubber (made from polymers) or neoprene, designed to insulate and protect.

The Windsurf Board:

1. Materials:

   • Composite Materials: Most windsurf boards are made from lightweight materials such as polyethylene or polystyrene foam, layered with fiberglass or carbon fiber to provide strength and buoyancy.
   • Resins: These boards may also contain epoxy resins that act as adhesives to bind the materials together.

2. Fins and Sail:

   • Fins: Typically made from similar composite materials or plastic, which help with stability and steering.
   • Sail: The sail is usually made from lightweight, strong fabrics like mylar or Dacron, along with various plastic components for the rigging.

Surroundings (Lake Environment):

1. Water:

   • H₂O Molecules: The lake is primarily composed of water, a compound made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The properties of this water are vital for the windsurfer's activity, as its density and buoyancy are essential for floating the board.

2. Air:

   • Gases: The atmosphere surrounding the lake consists of a mixture of gases including nitrogen (about 78%), oxygen (about 21%), carbon dioxide, and trace gases. The wind, a movement of air, is crucial for the windsurfing experience.

3. Natural Elements:

   • Vegetation: The shores may have plants or trees, which are made of complex organic compounds (cellulose, lignin) and provide habitats for wildlife.
   • Soil and Sediment: The bed of the lake contains various minerals and organic materials, forming a mixture that supports aquatic life.

4. Wildlife:

   • Animals: Aquatic life like fish, insects, and birds in the environment consist of living organisms made up of organic compounds (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) and water.

Summary:

Each component from the windsurfer to his board and surroundings displays unique properties and compositions, reflecting the diversity of matter. The windsurfer is primarily biological, the board is composed of advanced materials engineered for performance, and the environment encompasses a variety of natural elements and mixtures, all interacting dynamically in the context of the sport.