Anaphase is a critical stage of cell division that occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. Here’s a description of what happens during anaphase:
Key Events in Anaphase:
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Separation of Chromatids: During anaphase, the sister chromatids (the identical copies formed during DNA replication) are pulled apart. This occurs when the protein cohesin, which holds the chromatids together, is cleaved.
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Movement to Opposite Poles: The separated chromatids are then pulled apart by the spindle fibers, which are attached to the centromeres of the chromosomes. These spindle fibers shorten, dragging the chromatids toward opposite poles of the cell.
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Cell Elongation: In addition to the movement of chromatids, the spindle fibers not attached to the chromosomes also lengthen, which helps to elongate the cell itself in preparation for division.
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Preparation for Telophase: Anaphase concludes with the chromatids (now called chromosomes) reaching the opposite poles of the cell. The cell is now ready to enter the final stage of mitosis or meiosis, known as telophase.
Visual Representation:
While I can't provide images directly, you can easily find diagrams of anaphase by searching for "anaphase diagram" or "anaphase mitosis illustration" in your favorite image search engine. These diagrams typically show the following:
- Chromosomes being pulled apart towards opposite ends of the cell.
- Spindle fibers connecting to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
- The elongation of the cell as it prepares for division.
Summary:
Anaphase is vital for the equal distribution of genetic material to daughter cells. The separation and movement of chromatids ensure that each new cell will receive the correct number of chromosomes, maintaining genetic stability across cell generations.