Describe the role of micro organisms in maintaining balance in the environment (6)

Answer 1

1) Decomposition: Microorganisms play a crucial role in decomposing organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, and recycling nutrients back into the environment. This process helps maintain a nutrient cycle and balance in ecosystems.

2) Nitrogen fixation: Certain bacteria can convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can absorb and use. This process, called nitrogen fixation, is essential for the production of nitrogen-rich compounds required for plant growth. Without microorganisms, there would be a scarcity of nitrogen in the environment, negatively impacting plant and ecosystem health.

3) Disease control: Some microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, act as natural pathogens that help control the population of disease-causing organisms. They can compete for resources or produce antibiotics and antifungal compounds that limit the growth and spread of harmful pathogens.

4) Pollination: Microorganisms, particularly certain types of bacteria and fungi found in soil, can interact with plant roots and enhance their ability to take up water and nutrients. This symbiotic relationship facilitates better growth and flowering of plants, which in turn promotes pollination by attracting insects and other pollinators.

5) Soil fertility: Microorganisms break down organic matter in the soil, making nutrients available to plants. They also improve soil structure and stability by secreting compounds that bind soil particles, preventing erosion and water runoff. This enhances soil fertility and promotes plant growth, ensuring the balance of nutrients in the environment.

6) Water purification: Microorganisms, including bacteria and algae, play a vital role in the natural purification of water. They help break down organic pollutants, remove harmful chemicals and excess nutrients, and maintain the balance of various nutrients in aquatic ecosystems. Without these organisms, water bodies would become polluted and uninhabitable for many aquatic species.