The correct response to describe the political and economic changes in medieval Europe that later contributed to European colonization is:
Political changes included the rise of European monarchies and changes in the balance of power in Europe. Economic changes included a rebalance of economic power due to a human labor shortage.
During the later medieval period, especially following events like the Black Death, there was a significant reduction in the workforce, which empowered laborers and shifted economic power dynamics. Additionally, the consolidation of power in the hands of monarchs facilitated exploration and colonization efforts, as centralized states sought to expand their territories and resources.