Describe the cell cycle - Use the diagram on lesson 8 page 2 - what is it showing?

Answer 1

The cell cycle is a series of events that occur in a cell, leading to its growth, division, and the duplication of its genetic material. The diagram on lesson 8 page 2 shows the different phases of the cell cycle.

The cell cycle can be divided into two main phases: interphase and mitosis. Interphase is further divided into G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase.

During G1 phase (Gap 1), the cell grows in size, synthesizes proteins, and performs its regular functions. At this stage, the cell also decides whether to continue with the cell cycle or enter a resting phase called G0.

The S phase (Synthesis) follows G1 phase, during which the cell replicates its DNA. This ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material.

After the S phase, the cell enters G2 phase (Gap 2), where it continues to grow and prepare for cell division. This includes synthesizing additional proteins and organelles necessary for division.

Following interphase, the cell enters mitosis, which is divided into several stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane begins to break down. In metaphase, the chromosomes align at the center of the cell. Anaphase involves the separation of sister chromatids, which are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers. Finally, during telophase, a new nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to decondense.

The final stage of the cell cycle is cytokinesis, which involves the physical separation of the two daughter cells. In animal cells, this occurs through the formation of a cleavage furrow, whereas in plant cells, a cell plate is formed.

The diagram on lesson 8 page 2 represents the various stages of the cell cycle, highlighting the transition from one phase to another and providing an overview of the activity occurring within a cell during each phase.