1. Observation: This assessment method involves observing an individual's behaviors, emotions, and interactions in various situations and settings. It focuses on the external manifestations of personality traits. Observers may pay attention to the person's body language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and social behaviors to draw conclusions about their personality. This method can provide valuable insights into the individual's personality but may be subjective and prone to biases.
2. Personality inventories (questionnaires): These assessments involve self-report measures in the form of questionnaires or scales. Respondents are presented with a series of statements or items and are asked to rate their agreement or disagreement on a scale. Two notable examples are the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Raymond B. Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Test.
- The Eysenck personality questionnaire: Developed by Hans Eysenck, this questionnaire measures three major dimensions of personality: extraversion-introversion (degree of sociability and outgoingness), neuroticism-stability (emotional stability or instability), and psychoticism (tendency towards aggression or antisocial behaviors). This questionnaire consists of multiple-choice questions that assess an individual's tendencies and preferences along these dimensions. The responses are then scored, and the individual's personality profile is determined based on their scores.
- Raymond B. Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Test: Developed by Raymond Cattell, this test is designed to measure 16 underlying dimensions of personality. These dimensions include factors like warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractedness, privateness, apprehension, openness to change, self-reliance, perfectionism, and tension. The test typically consists of a series of true/false or multiple-choice questions that assess different aspects of an individual's personality. The responses are then scored, and the individual's personality profile is determined based on their scores on each factor.
These personality inventories aim to provide a systematic and standardized way of assessing personality traits. They rely on self-reporting, allowing individuals to reflect and evaluate their own behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. However, they may be influenced by the respondent's self-perception, social desirability bias, or lack of self-awareness. Therefore, caution is needed when interpreting the results of these assessments.
Describe the assessment of personality by
1. Observation
2. Personality inventories (quesrionaires)
-The Eysenck personality
-Raymond B. Cattells 16 personal factor yest
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