DESCRIBE SPONTANOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS

Answer 1

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious bacterial infection that occurs in the fluid that accumulates in the abdomen (peritoneal fluid). It typically occurs in individuals with liver disease, such as cirrhosis, as a result of impaired immune function and increased bacterial translocation from the intestines.

Symptoms of SBP may include abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, and worsening liver function. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and analysis of the peritoneal fluid obtained through a procedure called paracentesis.

Treatment for SBP involves antibiotic therapy to target the specific bacteria causing the infection. In severe cases, hospitalization and supportive measures such as intravenous fluids and monitoring of liver function may be necessary. Without prompt treatment, SBP can lead to serious complications, such as sepsis and organ failure.