Describe recent divisions and changes to political systems in the Middle East.(1 point)

Question

Responses

A lack of needed resources, such as food and medical care; social or cultural divisions; trauma from historical or contemporary events; and other factors caused protests.
A lack of needed resources, such as food and medical care; social or cultural divisions; trauma from historical or contemporary events; and other factors caused protests.

The rulers of various countries have used their power to eliminate term limits, which is a sign of a weak political system.
The rulers of various countries have used their power to eliminate term limits, which is a sign of a weak political system.

The regime changes of the Arab Spring were caused by division and frustrations with the region’s political systems, which caused protests in the region.
The regime changes of the Arab Spring were caused by division and frustrations with the region’s political systems, which caused protests in the region.

The end of apartheid in South Africa, as well as the end of various dictatorships throughout the continent, including in the Sudan, caused a strengthening of political systems.

Answer 1

Recent divisions and changes to political systems in the Middle East can be traced back to a combination of social, economic, and political factors influencing widespread unrest and protests. Key elements include:

1. Resource Scarcity: Many countries in the region face significant shortages of essential resources like food and medical care, which have exacerbated public discontent and driven widespread protests against governments perceived as ineffective or corrupt.

2. Social and Cultural Divisions: Deep-rooted social and cultural divides, including sectarianism and ethnic tensions, have contributed to political instability. These divisions often manifest in protests and conflicts, further complicating governance.

3. Historical Trauma: Historical grievances, including colonial legacies and recent conflicts, continue to affect national identities and political landscapes. The collective trauma from these events has fueled a demand for change and accountability in various political systems.

4. Authoritarian Regimes: Rulers in several Middle Eastern countries have responded to public discontent by consolidating power, such as eliminating term limits to prolong their rule. This trend indicates weaknesses in political systems and the lack of democratic processes.

5. Arab Spring Legacy: The Arab Spring had a profound impact on the region, leading to regime changes in several countries as populations rose against oppressive governments. Although some nations saw progress, others have experienced resurgence of authoritarian rule and ongoing unrest.

Ultimately, the political systems in the Middle East remain fragile and susceptible to change, influenced by a mix of internal and external pressures, historical context, and the aspirations of their peoples.