During the S phase of the cell cycle, the chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell replicate, resulting in two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Each sister chromatid contains a copy of the DNA molecule.
As the cell prepares to divide during prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible as distinct, tightly coiled structures. The nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing the chromosomes to be released into the cytoplasm. The duplicated centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and begin to organize the microtubules of the mitotic spindle.
Overall, the chromosomes undergo significant changes in terms of replication and condensation as they prepare for cell division. These changes ensure that each daughter cell receives the correct amount of genetic material during the process of mitosis.
Describe how a eukaryotic cell’s chromosomes change as it prepares to divide. (Address S phase and prophase)
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