control of Portugal.
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Africa played a significant role in the global economy primarily through its exports of valuable resources such as gold and ivory, as well as the involvement in the transatlantic slave trade. European powers, particularly Portugal, engaged in trade with various African kingdoms, establishing trading posts and participating in exploitative practices that facilitated the extraction of these resources. This trade network not only influenced the economies of African states but also contributed to the wealth of European nations. The exchange of goods and enslaved individuals significantly shaped economic and social structures on both sides of the Atlantic.