Chemical Equilibrium: A state in a chemical reaction where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time.
Example: In the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g), a chemical equilibrium is reached when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
Closed Systems: Systems in which no exchange of matter takes place with its surroundings.
Example: A closed container with a fixed volume and no openings is an example of a closed system.
Equilibrium: A state of balance between opposing forces or processes.
Example: In a chemical equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products.
Le Chatelier’s Principal: The principle that states when a system in equilibrium is disturbed, the system will adjust to counteract the disturbance.
Example: If the concentration of a reactant is increased in a system at equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle predicts that the equilibrium will shift to the right to consume the excess reactant.
Resource Extraction: The process of obtaining raw materials or resources from the Earth.
Example: Mining, logging, and drilling are examples of resource extraction activities that can have environmental impacts.
Ductile: Capable of being stretched into thin wire without breaking.
Example: Metals like copper and gold are ductile and can be drawn into wires for various applications.
Malleable: Capable of being hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking.
Example: Aluminum is a malleable metal that can be easily shaped into various forms through hammering or rolling.
Polymer: A large molecule consisting of repeating structural units.
Example: Plastics, rubber, and proteins are examples of polymers with different chemical structures.
Constraints: Limitations or restrictions that influence decision-making or behavior.
Example: Budget constraints, time constraints, and resource constraints can impact how a project is planned and executed.
Criteria: Standards or benchmarks used to evaluate or judge something.
Example: Criteria for selecting a candidate for a job may include educational qualifications, work experience, and interpersonal skills.
Environmental Impact: The effect that human activities have on the environment.
Example: Deforestation, pollution, and climate change are examples of human activities that can have significant environmental impacts.
Catalyst: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
Example: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
Ore: A naturally occurring solid material containing a valuable substance.
Example: Iron ore, bauxite, and copper ore are examples of minerals mined for their metal content.
Smelting: The process of extracting metal from ore by heating and melting it.
Example: Iron ore is smelted in a blast furnace to produce molten iron, which can be used to make steel.
Definition and example for each word.
Chemical Equilibrium
Closed Systems
Equilibrium
Le Chatelier’s Principal
Resource Extraction
Ductile
Malleable
Polymer
Constraints
Criteria
Environmental Impact
Catalyst
Ore
Smelting
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