Substance abuse, also known as substance use disorder, refers to a condition characterized by a harmful pattern of using a substance (such as drugs or alcohol) that leads to significant impairment or distress. It involves not only the use of illegal drugs but also the misuse of legal substances, such as prescription medications and alcohol.
The term "substance abuse" originates from research in the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and addiction studies. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) has provided guidelines and definitions related to substance use disorders in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which has undergone various revisions, with the most recent being DSM-5, published in 2013. In this edition, the term "substance use disorder" is used instead of "substance abuse" to emphasize the continuum of severity, reflecting a more nuanced understanding of addiction.
Substance abuse can lead to various consequences, including physical health problems, mental health issues, social and legal problems, and difficulties in maintaining employment or personal relationships. Treatment often requires a combination of therapy, support groups, and sometimes medication to help individuals overcome their dependence and lead healthier lives.