Sure! Here's a definition and example for each of the terms you've requested.
Euphemism
Definition: A euphemism is a mild or indirect word or expression used to replace one that may be considered harsh, blunt, or unpleasant. Example: "Passed away" is a euphemism for "died."
Oxymoron
Definition: An oxymoron is a figure of speech in which contradictory terms appear in conjunction. Example: "Deafening silence" combines opposing ideas to create a striking effect.
Alliteration
Definition: Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound in words that are in close proximity to each other. Example: "She sells sea shells by the sea shore."
Allusion
Definition: An allusion is an indirect reference to a person, place, event, or literary work with which the reader is expected to be familiar. Example: "He has the Midas touch when it comes to business," alluding to King Midas from Greek mythology, who turned everything he touched into gold.
Idiom
Definition: An idiom is a phrase or expression that has a figurative meaning different from its literal meaning, often culturally specific. Example: "It's raining cats and dogs" means it is raining heavily, not that animals are literally falling from the sky.
Personification
Definition: Personification is a literary device in which human traits, emotions, or intentions are attributed to non-human entities or inanimate objects. Example: "The wind whispered through the trees," giving the wind human characteristics.
Hyperbole
Definition: Hyperbole is an exaggerated statement or claim not meant to be taken literally, often used for emphasis or effect. Example: "I’m so hungry I could eat a horse" emphasizes extreme hunger through exaggeration.
Understatement
Definition: An understatement is a figure of speech that intentionally makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is. Example: "It’s just a scratch" can be an understatement when referring to a large dent in a car.
Feel free to ask if you need further clarification or more examples!