Define the following terms in a simple way

Question

1. Electron affinity
2. Shielding
3. Electronegavity
4. Dipole moment
5. Oxidation state

Answer 1

1. Electron affinity: The likelihood of an atom to attract an additional electron to its outermost shell.

2. Shielding: A phenomenon in which the inner electrons of an atom reduce the attraction of the nucleus towards the outermost electron(s).

3. Electronegativity: A measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons from a bonding pair towards itself.

4. Dipole moment: A measure of the polarity of a molecule, which arises from an uneven distribution of electrical charge.

5. Oxidation state: A representation of the number of electrons gained or lost by an atom to form a chemical compound, indicating its degree of oxidation or reduction.