a. Homologous series: A series of organic compounds with similar chemical properties and structures where each member differs from the next by a repeating unit (such as a methylene group).
b. Catalytic cracking: A process in which large hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more desirable molecules using a catalyst under high temperature and pressure.
c. Polymers: Large molecules composed of repeating structural units known as monomers. Polymers can be natural (e.g. DNA, proteins) or synthetic (e.g. plastics, rubber).
d. Functional group: A specific group of atoms or bonds within a molecule that determines the chemical reactivity and properties of that molecule. Functional groups can include hydroxyl (OH), carboxyl (COOH), amino (NH2), etc.
e. Fermentation: A metabolic process that converts carbohydrates (such as sugars or starch) into alcohols or acids using microorganisms such as yeast or bacteria. Fermentation is used in food production (e.g. making beer, wine, and bread) and in industrial processes (e.g. producing biofuels).
Define the following terms;
a. Homologous series
b. Catalytic cracking
c. polymers
d. Functional group
e. fermentation
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