Nicotine is a colorless, odorless, toxic alkaloid found primarily in the tobacco plant and in smaller quantities in other plants of the nightshade family, such as tomatoes, eggplants, and potatoes. It is a stimulant that affects the central nervous system and is primarily known for its role in tobacco products.
Nicotine acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, leading to the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, which contributes to its addictive properties. When consumed, nicotine can enhance mood, improve attention, and increase feelings of pleasure, which is part of what makes tobacco products addictive.
In addition to its recreational use, nicotine is being studied for potential therapeutic applications, including its effects on neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, though its addiction potential remains a significant concern. Nicotine can be delivered through various means, including smoking, chewing tobacco, and vaping, as well as through nicotine replacement therapies like patches and gum.