Define heavy metal and toxicity and give citation with reference

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Heavy metal refers to a group of metallic elements that have a high density and are toxic at low concentrations. These elements include lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium, and can have harmful effects on human health and the environment.

Toxicity, on the other hand, refers to the ability of a substance to cause harm or damage to living organisms when it enters the body in sufficient quantities. Toxic substances can have a range of effects, from minor irritations to serious illnesses or even death.

Reference:
Lundborg M, Lind B, Gustafson A, et al. (2017) Bioaccessibility and effects of heavy metals on HeLa cells exposed to soil from e-waste recycling sites around Agbogbloshie, Ghana. PLoS ONE 12(6): e0178840. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178840
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