Sure! Here are the definitions for each term:
A. Evaporation: Evaporation is the process by which liquid water is transformed into water vapor (a gas) at temperatures below the boiling point. This process occurs when molecules at the surface of the liquid gain enough energy to break free from the liquid state and enter the gaseous state. Evaporation can happen at any temperature, but it occurs more rapidly at higher temperatures and with increased air movement.
B. Sublimation: Sublimation is the phase transition in which a substance moves directly from the solid state to the gas state without passing through the liquid state. This process can occur under specific temperature and pressure conditions, where the solid absorbs heat energy and its molecules gain enough energy to escape into the gaseous form. An example of sublimation is the transition of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) directly into carbon dioxide gas.
C. Transpiration: Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by plant roots from the soil, moves through the plant, and is released as water vapor through tiny openings (stomata) in the leaves. This process is a key component of the water cycle and helps regulate water loss in plants, as well as contributing to the movement of water from the ground into the atmosphere.