Dramatic irony is a literary device where the audience knows more about a situation, the implications of a character's actions, or the true state of affairs than the characters themselves. This contrast creates a layered understanding and often heightens tension or humor.
Example: In Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet," the audience is aware that Juliet is not truly dead but has taken a potion that makes her appear lifeless. However, Romeo, unaware of this plan, believes she has died. As he mourns and ultimately drinks poison to join her in death, the audience feels a sense of tragic irony since they know Romeo's actions are based on a misunderstanding of the reality of the situation.
This suspense and emotional weight come from the audience's knowledge compared to the ignorance of the characters involved.