Question

Define a fact, observation, and inference and give an example of each. (Be able to identify all 3 from an example.)

Answer 1

Sure! Here are definitions and examples for a fact, observation, and inference:

### 1. Fact
**Definition:** A fact is a statement that can be proven true or false based on objective evidence. Facts are verifiable and can be supported by data.

**Example:** "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level."

### 2. Observation
**Definition:** An observation is something that is noticed or perceived through the senses. Observations are based on direct experience or measurement.

**Example:** "The sky appears blue during the day."

### 3. Inference
**Definition:** An inference is a conclusion drawn from observations and known facts. It involves reasoning to interpret what the evidence indicates.

**Example:** "Since the sky is blue and it is daytime, I infer that it is not nighttime."

### Identifying All Three from an Example

**Example Scenario:**
You observe that a plant's leaves are drooping and the soil is dry.

- **Fact:** "Plants need water to survive."
- **Observation:** "The leaves of the plant are drooping, and the soil is dry."
- **Inference:** "The plant is likely wilting because it needs water."

In summary, the fact provides a general truth, the observation gathers specific sensory input, and the inference offers a conclusion based on those observations and facts.