To find out how much water David can distribute evenly per square foot of his garden, you can divide the total amount of water he has by the area of the garden.
David has 419 gallons of water, and his garden is 40 square feet.
We perform the division as follows:
\[ \text{Water per square foot} = \frac{\text{Total water}}{\text{Area}} = \frac{419 \text{ gallons}}{40 \text{ square feet}} \]
Calculating this gives:
\[ \text{Water per square foot} = 10.475 \text{ gallons/square foot} \]
Rounding this to the nearest tenth results in:
\[ \text{Water per square foot} \approx 10.5 \text{ gallons/square foot} \]
Thus, David can distribute 10.5 gallons of water per square foot in his garden.