The theorem that applies to proving relationships involving angles formed by transversal lines intersecting parallel lines is the Converse of Alternate Interior Angles Theorem.
This theorem states that if two lines are intersected by a transversal and the alternate interior angles are congruent, then the two lines are parallel. Therefore, if you know that two alternate interior angles are equal, you can conclude that the lines are parallel, which is what is typically proven using this theorem.
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