Let's critique each statement:
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The trend toward urbanization has lessened light and water pollution.
- This statement is misleading. Urbanization typically increases light pollution due to more artificial lighting and can also contribute to water pollution from runoff and increased waste.
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The trend toward urbanization has increased wildlife habitat and decreased water pollution.
- This statement is inaccurate. Urbanization generally leads to habitat destruction, which decreases wildlife habitat, and can also lead to increased water pollution due to urban runoff.
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The trend toward urbanization has brought many benefits to people and societies, but many consequences too.
- This statement is the most accurate. Urbanization has indeed provided benefits such as economic growth, improved infrastructure, and access to services and employment, but it has also led to various environmental and social consequences, including pollution, habitat loss, and social inequality.
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The trend toward urbanization has brought many benefits to people and societies and no environmental consequences.
- This statement is incorrect. It ignores the significant negative environmental impacts that accompany urban growth, such as pollution, habitat destruction, and increased resource consumption.
Based on the critiques, the most accurate statement is:
The trend toward urbanization has brought many benefits to people and societies, but many consequences too.