CRISPR-Cas9 is a genetic modification technique that edits parts of the genome of an organism. Using this technique scientists can add, remove, or modify sections of the DNA sequence.

Question

How can scientists use this technique to control gene expression?

By activating or deactivating specific genes

By identifying how closely related one individual is to another

By calculating the number of genes different organisms produce

By determining the number of chromosomes in an organism

Answer 1

Scientists can use the CRISPR-Cas9 technique to control gene expression primarily by activating or deactivating specific genes.

Here's how it works:

1. Gene Deactivation: CRISPR-Cas9 can be designed to create a double-strand break at a specific location in the DNA. This break can disrupt the gene, effectively knocking it out and rendering it inactive.

2. Gene Activation: By modifying the CRISPR system, scientists can use a catalytically inactive Cas9 (called dCas9) fused with transcriptional activation domains to enhance the expression of a specific gene without cutting the DNA. This allows for precise control over gene activation.

This ability to selectively activate or deactivate genes makes CRISPR-Cas9 a powerful tool for studying gene function, developing therapies for diseases, and even possibly enhancing agricultural traits in crops.