The theorem being proved in the given proof is the Isosceles Triangle Theorem.
This theorem states that in an isosceles triangle (which has at least two equal sides), the angles opposite those equal sides are also equal. In this proof, it is established that in triangle \( \triangle ABC \), where \( AB \cong BC \), the angles \( \angle A \) and \( \angle C \) are shown to be congruent.