conflict between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was their differing views on land use. Europeans (and subsequently, white Americans) viewed land as private property that generated wealth for the owner. Indigenous Americans tended to view land as territory that was to be used for the good of the group. Everyone farmed, everyone hunted, and everyone raised children so that the group could survive. A few tribes, such as the Cherokee, adopted the idea of privately owned property early on, but it remained a source of confusion for other groups. Early treaties between the U.S. and Indigenous Americans tried to find a balance between these two ideas, but eventually, the U.S. decided that the easiest way to make peace was to make the Indigenous Americans assimilate in a process called Americanization. Later treaties included incentives for native groups to abandon hunting and rely on agriculture. They also provided schools and teachers for Indigenous American children. In some cases, children were taken from their families and were sent to boarding schools, such as the Carlisle Indian School in southern Pennsylvania, to learn American ways. These schools ruled over the children with force, often starving and beating them if they resisted assimilation, such as by speaking their native language. Christian missionaries required adults to abandon their Indigenous culture in favor of American clothing, gender roles, language, and Christian

Explain at least two ways that the American government attempted to assimilate Native Americans through a system called “Americanization.

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The American government attempted to assimilate Native Americans through the process of Americanization in two primary ways:

  1. Incentives for Abandoning Traditional Practices: Later treaties with Indigenous groups included incentives designed to encourage them to abandon traditional hunting practices and adopt agriculture. This shift aimed to align their land use and lifestyle more closely with European-American views of agriculture and private property.

  2. Establishment of Boarding Schools: The government also created boarding schools, such as the Carlisle Indian School, where Indigenous American children were taken from their families. At these schools, children were forcibly separated from their cultural backgrounds and subjected to harsh treatment if they resisted the assimilation process. The curriculum focused on teaching American ways, including language, clothing, and societal norms, further reinforcing the push for Americanization.

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The American government sought to assimilate Native Americans through Americanization by providing incentives for Indigenous groups to abandon traditional hunting and adopt agricultural practices. Additionally, children were taken from their families and placed in boarding schools, such as the Carlisle Indian School, where they were forced to abandon their native cultures. These schools used harsh measures to ensure compliance, punishing children for speaking their languages or resisting assimilation. This dual approach aimed to reshape Indigenous identities to align with European-American values and norms.

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One way the American government attempted to assimilate Native Americans was by providing incentives for them to abandon traditional hunting and adopt agricultural practices. Additionally, children were taken to boarding schools like the Carlisle Indian School, where they were forced to abandon their cultures and learn American ways under harsh conditions.