Let's complete and balance the equations first:
1. Complete and Balance the Following Equations
1.1
HCl + NaOH →
Balanced Equation:
\[ \text{HCl} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
1.2
H₂SO₄ + NaHCO₃ →
Balanced Equation:
\[ \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 + 2\text{NaHCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4 + 2\text{CO}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \]
2. Balanced Equations Between:
2.1 Nitric acid (HNO₃) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃):
Balanced Equation:
\[ 2 \text{HNO}_3 + \text{CaCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{Ca(NO}_3)_2 + \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
2.2 Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH):
Balanced Equation:
\[ \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 + 2\text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \]
3. Questions Based on the Above Reactions
3.1 Identify the salts produced during the reactions as acidic or basic or neutral, and name suitable indicators to be used.
- For 1.1: The salt produced is Sodium Chloride (NaCl). It is neutral. Indicator: pH paper (neutral).
- For 1.2: The salt produced is Sodium Sulfate (Na₂SO₄). It is neutral. Indicator: pH paper (neutral).
- For 2.1: The salt produced is Calcium Nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂). It is neutral. Indicator: pH paper (neutral).
- For 2.2: The salt produced is Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃). It is basic. Indicator: Phenolphthalein (turns pink in basic solutions).
3.2 Write down the hydrolysis reaction for each salt.
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For 1.1 (NaCl): \[ \text{NaCl} \text{ does not hydrolyze; it remains neutral.} \]
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For 1.2 (Na₂SO₄): \[ \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4 \text{ does not hydrolyze; it remains neutral.} \]
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For 2.1 (Ca(NO₃)₂): \[ \text{Ca(NO}_3)_2 \text{ does not hydrolyze; it remains neutral.} \]
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For 2.2 (Na₂CO₃): \[ \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons 2 \text{Na}^+ + \text{HCO}_3^- + \text{OH}^- \]
This reaction shows that Sodium Carbonate can produce hydroxide ions in solution, leading to a basic solution.