Comparing cooling temperature changes at different stages of the universe's life provides evidence of the Big Bang theory. This cooling can be observed through the cosmic microwave background radiation, which reveals how the universe has expanded and cooled since its inception.
Measuring the universe's ratio of hydrogen and helium provides evidence that these elements were formed during Big Bang nucleosynthesis. This event occurred within the first few minutes after the Big Bang, leading to the production of hydrogen, helium, and small amounts of lithium and beryllium. The observed abundance of these elements supports the predictions made by the Big Bang nucleosynthesis model.