A provirus and viral DNA are similar in that they both represent the genetic material of a virus. However, there are some key differences between the two:
1. Location: A provirus is integrated into the host cell's genome, while viral DNA can exist as an extrachromosomal element in the host cell.
2. Activation: A provirus remains latent within the host cell, meaning it is not actively producing viral particles. In contrast, viral DNA can be actively transcribing and replicating to produce new viral particles.
3. Transmissibility: A provirus is generally not transmissible between host cells as it is stably integrated into the host genome. On the other hand, viral DNA can be transferred between cells through various mechanisms, aiding in the spread of infection.
4. Regulation: A provirus is subject to the regulatory mechanisms of the host cell's genome, meaning it may be controlled by the same factors that regulate the host cell's genes. Viral DNA, while also influenced by the host cell's environment, is more autonomously regulated by viral proteins and enzymes.
5. Immune response: A provirus is less susceptible to immune responses since it remains integrated within the host cell's genome. In contrast, viral DNA can be recognized as foreign by the host immune system, triggering an immune response.
Overall, the main difference between a provirus and viral DNA is their location within the host cell and their ability to actively produce viral particles. While a provirus remains relatively dormant and integrated into the host genome, viral DNA can exist independently and actively replicate and transcribe, aiding in viral propagation.
compare and contrast a provirus and viral DNA
1 answer
1 answer